The Effect Of Child Abuse On The Emotional Development Of...

The Effect Of Child Abuse On The Emotional Development Of The Infant To Five Years Old Child In The United States. Child abuse is one of the most serious issues in the United States today. Child abuse is generally the maltreatment of a minor, and includes a physical, emotional or psychological harm to a child. Neglecting a minor is another type of abuse such as malnutrition, abandonment, and inadequate care of a child’s safety. Additionally, any neglectful act can lead to physical or emotional harm and in some cases the death of a child. Unfortunately, young children are the most vulnerable population to child abuse. The beginning of childhood is the process of growth in a child’s life, where a dependent infant grow into a independent little person who can take control of their own body and relate successfully with others. The early years of a child’s life are significant for cognitive, social and emotional developments. For that reason, it is important that caregivers or guardians take every step needed to make sure that children develop in a place where their social, emot ional and educational needs are met In addition, most people tend to believe that home is the securest place to be; a place where one can run away from violence, discrimination, hate and all the injustices of the world nowadays, as well to protect children from such mistreatments but unfortunately, for many innocent children their home is sometimes a place of horror, fear, guilt, hurt and neglect.Show MoreRelatedThe Effect of Child Abuse on The Emotional Development of the Infant1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effect of Child Abuse on the Emotional Development of the Infant to Five Years Old in the United States A Review of the Literature Child abuse is one of the most serious issues in the United States today. Child abuse is the physical, emotional/ psychological or sexual maltreatment of a minor. Neglecting a child is another type of abuse, and includes malnutrition, abandonment, and/or inadequate care of a child’s safety. Additionally, any neglectful act can lead to physical or emotional harmRead MoreThe Effects Of Physical Abuse On Children1597 Words   |  7 Pageshearts (Fulghum). Psychological abuse in children does not receive as much attention as physical abuse; however, verbal abuse, emotional abuse and neglect can affect children as much as physical abuse. When compared to physical abuse, psychological abuse has less punishments for the perpetrators, more chances of occurring and different effects on the victims.†¨ First, perpetrators of physical abuse receive harsher punishments than the perpetrators of psychological abuse. On one hand, because of the evidencesRead MoreHow Does Swaddling Affec t The Infant Through Adulthood?1773 Words   |  8 Pagesswaddling can affect the infant through adulthood. Erikson also supported this view comparing it to the use of cradleboards by the Oglala Sioux Indians. He proposed that the use of cradleboards in infancy led to the personality extremes of their stoicism and violent outbursts in war as well as their Sun Dance (Chisholm 1983). The Russian and Sioux mothers doing the swaddling shows one way that parent’s cognitions, which are shaped by their culture, can affect how they raise their child and also how thatRead MoreEssay about Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect2069 Words   |  9 PagesChild abuse is the physical or emotional mistreatment of a child by a parent, guardian, or other person. Information of child abuse, including sexual abuse, beating, and murder, have climbed in the United States and some authorities believe that the number of cases is under reported. Child neglect is sometimes integrated in legal definitions of child abuse to cover instances of starvation, abandonment, and insufficient care of a childs safety. When reported, child maltreatment cases are intricateRead MoreChild Abuse Prevention Program Grant Proposal2736 Words   |  11 PagesAbstract Child abuse is still a significant problem in United States. There are 2.9 million child abuse reports to Child Protective Services in 2005 and 825,000 indicated cases. Child abuse has profound impact on the child’s current and future development. The consequences include health and physical effects, intellectual and cognitive impact, and emotional, psychological and behavioral consequences. To improve parenting practice of first time parents is an important way to address this problem.Read MoreThe Effects Of Adoption And Foster Care On Cognitive Behavior, Education, And Etcetera2567 Words   |  11 PagesIn a compilation of seven studies, a range of experiments were completed to see what kind of effects prolonged foster care had on a child, effects from adoption had on a child, and a comparison to between the two. Some studies also compared both to the norm population to give a better understanding of the effects. The studies that will be explored also go into finding differ ences between the children as well as why those differences may have occurred if any existed. It can be hypothesized that thoseRead MoreLong Term Consequences Of Child Abuse Essay1931 Words   |  8 PagesConsequences of Child Abuse Introduction Child abuse has infested the United States of America; it is now more common than ever before, and sometimes it may not be known that this issue is occurring. In most cases, it is obvious to the child and sometimes to his surrounding support; although in few cases, the child may not be capable of comprehending the issue at hand to further tell and report the situation (Shi 198). There is an error in the method used to study how often child abuse occurs. The problemRead MoreThe Effects Of Parental Depression On Children1901 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction According to the National Academy of Sciences, about 15 million children (one in five) in the United States live in households with parents who have major and/or severe forms of depression. Parental depression negatively affects a fathers’ and mothers’ caregiving, ability to physically support and nurture a child, and is associated with poor health and developmental outcomes for children of all ages, including prenatally. Depressed mothers are more likely than non-depressed mothers toRead MoreBorderline Personality Disorder And Insecure Attachment2065 Words   |  9 Pagespersonality traits including chaotic interpersonal relationships, poor impulse control, and emotional instability. Theorists and clinicians have suggested that attachment based theories provide a framework to understanding and assessing BPD etiology. Links between insecure attachment along with abuse and neglect are relevant casual factors in the development of this personality disorder. Keywords: abuse, attachment, borderline personality disorder, mentalizationâ€Æ' Borderline personality disorderRead MoreAttachment Theory On The Relationships Between Parents And Children And Primary Caregivers2037 Words   |  9 Pagesis inborn and is as essential for survival as food, water, and air; it is an emotional, object specific relationship that develops towards a primary caregiver (Bowlby, 1969). Through series of experiments Bowlby explained the nature and the role of physical proximity of a child to a caregiver as a secure base for exploration of the world (Bowlby, 1969). He concluded that it is essential for a child’s healthy development to have at least one caregiver who takes on a role of that secure base, which The Effect of Child Abuse on The Emotional Development of... The Effect of Child Abuse on the Emotional Development of the Infant to Five Years Old in the United States A Review of the Literature Child abuse is one of the most serious issues in the United States today. Child abuse is the physical, emotional/ psychological or sexual maltreatment of a minor. Neglecting a child is another type of abuse, and includes malnutrition, abandonment, and/or inadequate care of a child’s safety. Additionally, any neglectful act can lead to physical or emotional harm and in some cases death of a child. Unfortunately, young children are the most vulnerable population to child abuse. Statistics indicate that victims in their first year of life had the highest rate of victimization at 21.9 per 1,000 children of†¦show more content†¦Furtheremore, rejecting a child is a failure respond to a child’s needs. Isolating a child is also another type of emotional abuse where the caregiver constantly stops the child from having regular social interactions with the outside world. Emotional abuses happen in many types of families, regardless of their culture or ethnicity. Many care givers want the best for their children. However, some caretakers may emotionally and psychologically hurt their children because of the environment, pressure, anxiety, and/or social loneliness. Moreover, caregivers may emotionally abuse their children because they experienced emotional abuse themselves as children. Play behavior in children starts at early age and is essential to their development. Through play, children develop social skills, fine and gross motor skills; they also build their own personality and help them figure out the world around them. Studies demonstrated that abuse children between the age of four and five engage in less play between their peers and they are more aggressive and less capable to initiate a relationship ( Valentino, Cicchetti, Toth Rogosch 2011; Graham, Kim Fisher 2012). The unfortunate reality, however, is that many parents or caregivers do not engage verbally direct behavior with their children mainly during the early years of life; instea d they concentrate more in physicalShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Child Abuse On The Emotional Development Of The Infant To Five Year Old Child In The United States. 681 Words   |  3 PagesThe Effect Of Child Abuse On The Emotional Development Of The Infant To Five Years Old Child In The United States. Child abuse is one of the most serious issues in the United States today. Child abuse is generally the maltreatment of a minor, and includes a physical, emotional or psychological harm to a child. Neglecting a minor is another type of abuse such as malnutrition, abandonment, and inadequate care of a child’s safety. Additionally, any neglectful act can lead to physical or emotionalRead MoreEarly Childhood Abuse and the Effects on Emotional Development1352 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Early childhood abuse and the effects on emotional development Abstract The present research is aimed at providing an account of early childhood abuse and its effects on further emotional development. A first focus falls on outlining the psychological stages of emotional development and the notion of emotional response, followed by a thorough analysis of the child abuse spectrum together with effects, both early and belated, of general and most notably socio-emotional nature. Firstly, the meaningRead MoreInfancy and Early Childhood1106 Words   |  5 Pagesrole that attachment plays in the development of an infant. Mary Ainsworth, a pioneer in the study of attachment describes attachment as an emotional bond between persons who binds them through space and time. Attachment is the basis for social skills. (As stated by Vaughn) According to Vaughn, through loving interactions between infants and parents and through parents understanding their infants unique needs and temperament, attachment is developed. As infants interact with caregivers, theyRead MoreEffects Of Maltreatment On Brain Development And Its Consequences1150 Words   |  5 Pages Effects of Maltreatment on Brain Development and its Consequences Abuse and neglect is , unfortunately, not an unusual occurrence in the lives of young children. The maltreatment that they experience often have harmful long-term effects that depend on many factors. These factors are dependent on the age of the infant/child at the time of the occurrence, the question of whether the abuse was a single event or a ritual norm, and the relationship with and the identity of the abuser, as well as whetherRead MoreEssay about Social Work and Child Development1704 Words   |  7 Pagespossible impact on their development. Later, Erikson and Piaget furthered the study of development and expanded the road that Freud had pioneered. While all consider Freud the father of psychoanalytic thinking, few turn to many of his first theories in reference to development. Freud forged a path by which all future developmental researchers walked through to further advance the study of development. While, experts have clearly not agreed on every measure by which develop ment of an individual’s cognitiveRead MoreThe Importance Of A Substance Abuse Treatment Group Essay1441 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of proposing a substance abuse treatment group was to break the barriers that mother-child relationships may face in result to maternal addiction and substance-abuse. Treatment that is geared for maternal addicted mothers can help them recover quickly and protect their infant children from the dangers of drugs and health consequences. The program will be gender specific, distinctively for substance-dependent women who are mothers. The group will conduct its work by following through aRead MoreEssay on Social Policy Development 1431 Words   |  6 Pagescould have on their development. Later, Erikson and Piaget furthered the study of human development and expanded the thought processes that Freud had pioneered. While all consider Freud the father of psychoanalytic thinking, few turn to many of his first theories about human development. F reud created the doorway by which all future developmental researchers were able to walk through to advance the study. While, experts have clearly not agreed on every measure by which development of an individual’sRead MoreJ. S Family Determination Of Health1191 Words   |  5 Pages education, genetic, relationships with family and friends and supporting a child (World Health Organization, 2013). In them, many factors affect our health that which is call determination of health. In this essay, I am going to discuss Riley, J. s family determination of health which negatively affects the family and need to be solved. Jessica Riley is a seventeen years old single mother who is living with her infant Ryan, and boyfriend Casey. Casey is not the biological father of Ryan. JessicaRead MoreChild Development Is The Growth And Change Within A Child s Intellectual And Mental Abilities Essay959 Words   |  4 Pagesregulates social recognition†, â€Å"affliction†, and â €Å"modulates mood† swings, â€Å"anxiety†, â€Å"and aggression† (Mate, 2013). Parents who are pregnant and use drugs, or use after birth can alter these chemicals by not â€Å"socially interacting† with their infant, â€Å"leading them to drug seeking behavior†, early in his or her â€Å"childhood†, which in turn will â€Å"lead to the death of good brain chemical†, and â€Å"lead to a dangerous overload of worse chemicals† (Mate, 2013). In order to back these findings, one must cross-referenceRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children1387 Words   |  6 Pages Literature Review: The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children By Taralyn Dean SW 8570 March 11, 2015 Introduction Today this paper will be exploring the affects of intimate partner domestic violence and how this impacts the children. The children of theses situations are the bystanders of these physical and emotional events. This paper will review in depth what other professionals are saying about the children of the domestic violence relationships and also the findings and

What Is Multiculturalism Definition, Theories, and Examples

In sociology, multiculturalism describes the manner in which a given society deals with cultural diversity. Based on the underlying assumption that members of often very different cultures can coexist peacefully, multiculturalism expresses the view that society is enriched by preserving, respecting, and even encouraging cultural diversity. In the area of political philosophy, multiculturalism refers to the ways in which societies choose to formulate and implement official policies dealing with the equitable treatment of different cultures. Key Takeaways: Multiculturalism Multiculturalism  is the way in which a society deals with  cultural diversity, both at the national and at the community level.  Sociologically, multiculturalism  assumes that society as a whole benefits from increased diversity through the harmonious coexistence of different cultures.Multiculturalism  typically develops according to one of two theories: the â€Å"melting pot† theory or the â€Å"salad bowl† theory. Multiculturalism can take place on a nationwide scale or within a nation’s communities. It may occur either naturally through immigration, or artificially when jurisdictions of different cultures are combined through legislative decree, as in the case of French and English Canada. Proponents of multiculturalism believe that people should retain at least some features of their traditional cultures. Opponents say that multiculturalism threatens the social order by diminishing the identity and influence of the predominant culture. While acknowledging that it is a sociopolitical issue, this article will focus on the sociological aspects of multiculturalism. Multiculturalism Theories The two primary theories or models of multiculturalism as the manner in which different cultures are integrated into a single society are best defined by the metaphors commonly used to describe them—the â€Å"melting pot† and the â€Å"salad bowl† theories. The Melting Pot Theory The melting pot theory of multiculturalism assumes that various immigrant groups will tend to â€Å"melt together,† abandoning their individual cultures and eventually becoming fully assimilated into the predominant society. Typically used to describe the assimilation of immigrants into the United States, the melting pot theory is often illustrated by the metaphor of a foundry’s smelting pots in which the elements iron and carbon are melted together to create a single, stronger metal—steel. In 1782, French-American immigrant J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur wrote that in America, â€Å"individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men, whose labors and posterity will one day cause great changes in the world.† The melting pot model has been criticized for reducing diversity, causing people to lose their traditions, and for having to be enforced through governmental policy. For example, the U.S. Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 forced the assimilation of nearly 350,000 Indians into American society without any regard for the diversity of Native American heritage and lifestyles. The Salad Bowl Theory A more liberal theory of multiculturalism than the melting pot, the salad bowl theory describes a heterogeneous society in which people coexist but retain at least some of the unique characteristics of their traditional culture. Like a salad’s ingredients, different cultures are brought together, but rather than coalescing into a single homogeneous culture, retain their own distinct flavors. In the United States, New York City, with its many unique ethnic communities like â€Å"Little India,† â€Å"Little Odessa,† and â€Å"Chinatown† is considered an example of a salad bowl society. The salad bowl theory asserts that it is not necessary for people to give up their cultural heritage in order to be considered members of the dominant society. For example, African Americans do not need to stop observing Kwanzaa rather than Christmas in order to be considered â€Å"Americans.† On the negative side, the cultural differences encouraged by the salad bowl model can divide a society resulting in prejudice and discrimination. In addition, critics point to a 2007 study conducted by American political scientist Robert Putnam showing that people living in salad bowl multicultural communities were less likely to vote or volunteer for community improvement projects. Characteristics of a Multicultural Society Multicultural societies are characterized by people of different races, ethnicities, and nationalities living together in the same community. In multicultural communities, people retain, pass down, celebrate, and share their unique cultural ways of life, languages, art, traditions, and behaviors. The characteristics of multiculturalism often spread into the community’s public schools, where curricula are crafted to introduce young people to the qualities and benefits of cultural diversity. Though sometimes criticized as a form of â€Å"political correctness,† educational systems in multicultural societies stress the histories and traditions of minorities in classrooms and textbooks. A 2018 study conducted by the Pew Research Center found that the â€Å"post-millennial† generation of people ages 6 to 21 are the most diverse generation in American society. Far from an exclusively American phenomenon, examples of multiculturalism are found worldwide. In Argentina, for example, newspaper articles, and radio and television programs are commonly presented in English, German, Italian, French, or Portuguese, as well as the country’s native Spanish. Indeed, Argentina’s constitution promotes immigration by recognizing the right of individuals to retain multiple citizenships from other countries. As a key element of the country’s society, Canada adopted multiculturalism as official policy during the premiership of Pierre Trudeau in the 1970s and 1980s. In addition, the Canadian constitution, along with laws such as the Canadian Multiculturalism Act and the Broadcasting Act of 1991, recognize the importance of multicultural diversity. According to the Canadian Library and Archives, over 200,000 people—representing at least 26 different ethnocultural groups—immigrate to Canada every year. Why Diversity Is Important Multiculturalism is the key to achieving a high degree of cultural diversity. Diversity occurs when people of different races, nationalities, religions, ethnicities, and philosophies come together to form a community. A truly diverse society is one that recognizes and values the cultural differences in its people. Proponents of cultural diversity argue that it makes humanity stronger and may, in fact, be vital to its long-term survival. In 2001, the General Conference of UNESCO took this position when it asserted in its Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity that â€Å"...cultural diversity is as necessary for humankind as biodiversity is for nature.† Today, entire countries, workplaces, and schools are increasingly made up of various cultural, racial, and ethnic groups. By recognizing and learning about these various group, communities build trust, respect, and understanding across all cultures. Communities and organizations in all settings benefit from the different backgrounds, skills, experiences and new ways of thinking that come with cultural diversity. Sources  and Further Reference  Ã‚   St. John de Crevecoeur, J. Hector (1782). Letters from an American Farmer: What is an America? The Avalon Project. Yale University.  Ã‚  Ã‚  De La Torre, Miguel A. The Problem With the Melting Pot. EthicsDaily.com (2009).  Ã‚  Hauptman, Laurence M. Going Off the Reservation: A Memoir. University of California Press.  Jonas, Michael. The downside of diversity. The Boston Globe (August 5, 2007).  Ã‚  Fry, Richard and Parker Kim. Benchmarks Show Post-Millenials on Track to Be Most Diverse, Best-Educated Generation Yet. Pew Research Center (November 2018).

Literary Criticsm - 1882 Words

The Psychological Criticism on Thank you m’am short story By Langston Hughes Christina taradifa sinaga 13020110141054 Faculty of humanities Diponegoro university 2013 ABSTRACT In this paper the writer wants to write down about Psychological criticism. Psychology is an academic and applied discipline that involves the scientific study of mental functions and behaviors. The purposes of this paper to analysis the psychological of main character in Thank You M’am short story by Langston Hughes. To understand psychological criticism, we can study about theory of psychological. Psychology has the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases, and by many†¦show more content†¦* Theme is the central topic, subject or concept of author is trying to point out, not to be confused with whatever message, moral or commentary. * Plot is a literary term defined as the events that make up a story, particularly as they relate to one another in a pattern, in a sequence, through cause and effect, how the reader views the story, or simply by coincidence. Elements of plot: Exposition , Rising Action, Climax, Falling Action, and Resolution or Denouement. * Characters are distinctive personalities who are involved in the events described by the story. Major characters can be categorized as: the protagonist, the antagonist, and the villain. * SETTING, The time and location in which a story takes place is called the setting. For some stories the setting is very important, while for others it is not. There are several aspects of a story s setting to consider when examining how setting contributes to a story (some, or all, may be present in a story): Place, Time, Weather conditions, Social conditions, - Mood or atmosphere B.EXTRINSIC THEORY IV. ANALYSIS A.INTRINSIC ANALYSIS 1. Narrative Analysis 2. Elements Analysis * Theme The story appears to be written around the 1930 s where racism was a huge topic in the southern states. Back in that era many African Americans had problem looking for a job. It was the time when the black had to fight for their freedom. Another theme that may be inferred from the story is how manyShow MoreRelatedEdgar Allan Poe : A Gothic Romanticism Or Dark Romanticist1562 Words   |  7 Pagesmarried his cousin Virginia, an affair considered scandalous due to the wide gap in their ages, with Poe being twenty-seven at the time and Virginia being on thirteen. Through the help of a friend, Poe was given the job of editor to the Southern Literary Messenger (a job he kept from 1835 to 1837), along with having many of his works published along with his own criticm of other publihsed stories. One of Poe’s most fluental, and highly believed to be his most important, contribution to criticismRead MoreHow to Read Lit Like a Prof Notes3608 Words   |  15 Pagesrainbow as a promise of restoration vi. Christ figures (a later chapter): in 20th century, often used ironically vii. The Apocalypse—Four Horseman of the Apocalypse usher in the end of the world. viii. Biblical names often draw a connection between literary character and Biblical charcter. 8. Hanseldee and Greteldum--using fairy tales and kid lit a. Hansel and Gretel: lost children trying to find their way home b. Peter Pan: refusing to grow up, lost boys, a girl-nurturer/ c. Little Red Riding Hood:

Supply Chain Management in Hospital a Case - 3654 Words

Supply Chain Management in Hospital: A Case Study Samuel Toba †¢ Mary Tomasini †¢ Y. Helio Yang San Diego State University, San Diego, CA It is a common misunderstanding that hospital purchasing is just a functional part of operations rather than a strategic means to achieve financial cost savings. The supply chain process is the essential link for all programs and services offered by a hospital, and hence any improvement in managing the supply chain can positively impact bottom line profitability of any hospital’s operations. This paper provides an overview of the current issues in supply chain management that today’s hospitals face as well as a look at the measures that a case health organization has taken in managing this aspect of†¦show more content†¦Located in nine states, KP currently is the largest not-for-profit medical care organization in the United States with approximately 8.7 million health plan members, 150,000 employees, 13,729 physicians, 32 medical centers, 416 medical offices, and $28 billion in annual operating revenue. Kaiser Permanente is unique among health care providers a nd hospitals because it serves both as a health maintenance organization and as a group physicians practice provider. Its revenue model is not based by the number of cases or patients served each day, but rather by the number of members enrolled in their health care system. Hence, Kaiser Permanente tracks costs at the gross level view of average cost per nursing unit per patient day. IV. PRODUCT MANAGEMENT Healthcare industry is a cottage industry where clinicians are independent contractors with considerable clout and specific preferences for supplies and some variations in supplies and processes are accommodated to ensure patient safety (Scalise, 2005). These Physician Preference Items (PPIs) account for 40% of total medical supply spending for an average hospital (Volpe, 2007). However, hospitals are beginning to recognize the financial burden of allowing physicians the autonomy to order whatever supplies they choose. One of the opportunities for supply chain savings as identified from the 2005 survey by the Healthcare Financial Management Association is in the area of physician buy-in especially withShow MoreRelatedThe Complexities of Healthcare Supply Chains 855 Words   |  3 PagesHealthcare Supply Chains The healthcare supply chain shares a number of similarities with other chains, not only in terms of processes (e.g. procurement, warehousing, distribution), but also in terms of discerning customers and management structures. There are also differences in the chain that are related to the specific characteristics and requirements of the sector. In general, healthcare supply chains are very complex, diverse, and dynamic. That complexity arises from the numerous companiesRead MoreHospital Supply Chain Management1732 Words   |  7 PagesSupply Chain 1 I Care Healthcare Supply Chain Management By Jeffrey S. Moser Operations Management MGT 554 Professor Stephen Wernick October 12, 2004 Supply Chain 2 Supply Chain Management plays a vital role in our hospitals today. With the growing cost of healthcare and new technologies, it is vital for hospitals to run as efficiently as possible and without jeopardizing care. To the materials manager and to the financial minds of a hospital the area of supply chain is a tedius task at bestRead MoreSupply Chain Management And Healthcare Industry1745 Words   |  7 PagesSupply Chain Management –For Healthcare Industry Introduction: Economic downturn in Healthcare sector has given renewed importance to supply chain management in healthcare industry. Supply chain management has great effects on hospital organizations. On papers Supply chain accounts for 30 to 40% in healthcare industry but that is only if we consider just the cost of goods under the supply chain , instead if we look at factors like cost of inventory , cost of procuring and other costs associatedRead More Hospital Supply Chain Management Essay1640 Words   |  7 PagesCare Healthcare Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Management plays a vital role in our hospitals today. With the growing cost of healthcare and new technologies, it is vital for hospitals to run as efficiently as possible without jeopardizing care. To the materials manager and to the financial minds of a hospital the area of supply chain is a tedius task at best, the kind of planning, strategizing and measuring that seldom goes recognized and rewarded. The work involved with inventory controlRead MoreAgile and Lean Supply Chain Management1719 Words   |  7 Pages Leagile is the combination of the lean and agile paradigms within a total supply chain strategy by positioning the decoupling point so as to best suit the need for responding to a volatile demand downstream yet providing level scheduling upstream from the marketplace. The decoupling point separates the part of the organisation (supply chain) oriented towards customer orders from the part of the organisation (supply chain) based on planning. In this report, I attempt to prepare the literature reviewRead MoreVideo Case Arnold Palmer Hospital S Supply Chain Essay639 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Video Case: Arnold Palmer Hospital’s Supply Chain Arnold Palmer Hospital, one of the nation’s top hospitals dedicated to serving women and children, is a large business with over 2,000 employees working in a 431-bed facility totaling 676,000 square feet in Orlando, Florida. Like many other hospitals, and other companies, Arnold Palmer Hospital had been a long-time member of a large buying group, one servicing 900 members. But the group did have a few limitations (Heizer Render,Read MoreHow Healthcare Has Become A Hotbed Of Technology1282 Words   |  6 Pagesconsistent, reliable, and effective if it is to continue to attract and satisfy customers. Continuing with this methodology, a critically important facet of the healthcare industry must be stock and inventory management, especially with some of the high cost medical equipment prevalent in hospitals globally. Ironically, this is often the department that is given least consideration as it does not directly relate to the care provided to patients, that is, until recently. Coinciding with a push towardRead MoreSupply Chain Management within the Healthcare Sector926 Words   |  4 PagesSupply chain management With the aging of the population and the increasing developments of technology, healthcare facilities are more and more pressured to provide high quality medical services. This increasing stress associated with the changing needs of the population forces the healthcare providers to also develop and to adjust their operations. Specifically, they are informally required to place an increased emphasis on the administrative and business side of their operations. In this specificRead MoreA More Granular Breakdown Of The Four Categories Shown1196 Words   |  5 Pagespublicized examples of supply-chain implementations sourced from healthcare and hospital environments; †¢ Case studies and related articles: studies, white papers, and published dissertations with a specific focus on the healthcare supply chain; †¢ Supply chain publications and websites: organizations and associations specific to healthcare supply-chain management, including The Association for Healthcare Resource and Materials Management, Healthcare Purchasing News, and Supply Demand Chain Executive. MethodologyRead Morehardy hospital case study answers Essay1426 Words   |  6 PagesRead and Download Ebook Hardy Hospital Case Study Answers PDF at Online Ebook Library HARDY HOSPITAL CASE STUDY ANSWERS PDF Download: HARDY HOSPITAL CASE STUDY ANSWERS PDF Are you seeking Ebook HARDY HOSPITAL CASE STUDY ANSWERS PDF?. Getting Ebook Hardy Hospital Case Study Answers PDF is simple as well as easy. Mostly you have to spend much time to browse on search engine and does not obtain Ebook Hardy Hospital Case Study Answers PDF files that you require. We are below to offer you, so you can

Counterfeit Merchandise Impact The U.s. Economy - 900 Words

1) Please address the following as they pertain to Intellectual Property: What is Intellectual Property (IP) and how does counterfeit merchandise impact the U.S. economy? When people steal other people s ideas or product designs, it stops economic improvements for the economy. No one wants to place money, time, and other resources into creating new concepts or products to have someone obtain them within a few seconds and sell the product or idea as their own. The thieves generally sell the stolen products cheaper than the original product reducing the original product s value. As a result, people that have new ideas are less reluctant to invent. What safety and health concerns are posed by counterfeit products? Stolen Intellectual Property links to safety issues with medicines. The products do not have the same characteristics reducing the quality of the treatment placing patient s lives at risk. If electronic products do not perform properly, the product may malfunction causing an accident leading to a serious injury or death. How does IP theft pose an existential threat to national security? Counterfeit electronics also filter into DOD s supply chain ending up in combat equipment. Some of the counterfeit products do not meet MIL Specification causing the equipment to malfunction. 2) Explain the purpose of and reasoning behind Executive Order 13,133. Specifically, what were the goals of the working group that was established by the Executive Order? PresidentShow MoreRelatedNike s Marketing Plan For Nike Essay962 Words   |  4 Pagesproduct portfolio: NIKE, Jordan, Hurley and Converse. Their product is sold through-out North America, Central America, South America, Asia-Pacific, Africa, the Middle East and Europe and employees over 70,000 employees. Nike headquarters is in Oregon, U.S. (NKE Income Statement, 2016). Nike products can be found through the company-owned stores, Nike-owned internet websites, global independent distributors and licensees. Financial Performance As shown in Table 1 of the Appendix, Nike reported revenuesRead MoreThe Luxottica Group : An Italian Eyewear Company1636 Words   |  7 Pageswith 57.90%, Asia-Pacific with 12.50% and Others with 9.50%. Through wide geographic presence there is a great decreases in the companies business risk which allows the company the ability to generate higher revenue, improve profit margins, attain economies of scale and generate brand equity on a worldwide basis. Luxottica’s wide geographic presence has also grown due to globalization. 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Business Combination Disclosure Level

Question: Discuss about the Business Combination Disclosure Level. Answer: Introduction: This study is done to understand the terms of finance and their working method properly. All the data of finance helps the organization and other party to make a better decision towards buying and selling the assets, investment and divestment the money, expanding the market or not etc. A proper study on the topics mentioned below helps me to understand the finance more. This study is describing about the asset, real asset, measurement of asset, different measurement style, IASB working, the international standards for accounting, the categorisation of assets and a connection between decision useful information and measurement of asset. A study on Unilever Australias data has been done to understand the data properly. This study helped me to understand that how international accounting standard help the organization to present and maintain the financial data and how this measurement helps the organization for making decisions. The first part of this study is describing about the asset and its measurement technique. Second part is explaining about the IASB standards and their value. The third part is evaluating the Unilever data and categorising the financial data of Unilever. The last part is of making comments, in which it has been analyzed that how the decision information and asset measurement technique is connected with each other. Asset is an economic value for an organization. It is expected by asset to provide some benefits in future. Assets are basically reported on a balance sheet. Asset is bought and sold for the benefit of the firm and its operations. An asset is something which improves the profitability, generates cash flow, improves the sales and reduces the expenses of an organization (Hillier, Grinblatt Titman, 2011). Assets are basically of two types: real asset and financial asset. Real asset is the one whose value is because of their properties and substance. Real asset includes Commodities, real estate, precious metals, oil, agriculture land etc. Financial asset is liquid assets of tangible nature that derives the value due to contractual claims. Bonds, bank deposits, stocks etc are financial assets. The statement is describing about the real asset as real assets are the assets whose value becomes the same for years and sometimes their value even increases. Real assets have intrinsic value (Henning, Lewis shah 2000). Unlike financial assets, a Real asset derives their value from inherent and intrinsic qualities of themselves. Measurement of Real Assets: Measurement of real assets is quite essential for an organization as it helps the organization to understand the true value of its assets and work accordingly. For measuring the real assets, each organization adopts the different methods (Shalev, 2009). The most common method of measuring the real assets is analyzing the market and identifies the real value of real assets. For analyzing the market, each organization takes different steps. Some organization take the help of outsourcers, some hire the business analyst, some collect the set of data from the market and analyze themselves about the value of assets. Inflation rate makes a direct impact on value of real assets as with the increase in rate of inflation, the rate of real assets also increases. The land value, agriculture land value, precious stones value, unique things value, antique statues value etc always increases with the time (Freeze Kulkarni, 2005). The increase rate of all of this depends upon the market situation, economy and inflation or deflation rate. Investing in real assets is the best investment decision as the value of these assets never decreases. Financial statement of an organization is prepared and issued by the company to provide the additional information to stakeholders about the companys financial standings and performance. Understanding and describing the financial data of an organization is quite complex (Basu Waymire, 2008). The first step a stakeholder must take for understanding the financial data is learn about the profitability, debt levels, total investments etc. Here the real asset value of Unilever in 2014 was $1384 for real estates and in 2015, the value of that real estate become $1689. This rate is analyzed by the Unilever through doing an analyze of market and by identifying the real value of its real assets. Real assets value diminishes only in some exceptional time otherwise the value of these assets become the same for years and it gives a true growth to the organization as organization need not to invest again in again in the same field ad can take a benefit from years. Here the Unilevers land and building value for 2013 was $3847 and the increment of its value is of $155. At the same time, the plant and equipment value of Unilever is $13,382 in 2013 and the value of this gets appreciated by $523. So the value of real assets always gets increased in normal time. Knowing the real value of an organization helps the organization to grow faster. Real value is the item of an organizations balance sheet which makes the balance sheet more attractive (Financial Accounting Standards Board, 2006). Investing in the real assets is a good idea as the value of them never gets depreciated. The real assets identification and measurement is complex as organization has to find out the market and book value of assets and work accordingly. Assets and problem of Additivity: Asset is a resource of an organization controlled by the organization itself as the result of past happenings and future benefits of economic by the flow of entity. The term assets are defined in terms of control instead of ownership. Assets can be putted in the balance sheet and final documents of an organization whether the asset is belonging to someone else. Just like if machinery is purchased by an organization on lease for a longer period, then the value of machinery will be shown in organizations financial document rather it is not the property of organization. The assets can be controlled by the organization for recognizing the financial transactions and statements of a company. Apart from all of this, the framework of IFRS has advised to meet the following criteria before putting the transactions into financial statements: The economic benefit inflow to the entity is probable. The value or cost can be measured reliably. Additivity is a substance added to something in small amounts to improve, strength or alternative the things. Assets Additivity is a substance directly added to assets of an organization. It is something that becomes a part of assets and gives a financial stability to organizations documents. When the value of assets of a whole group exactly equals the same the value of individual assets which make the group of assets? The principle of net present value of a group of independent projects is just the total of individual projects. It is a situation where the market value of a set of assets or portfolio exactly equals the individual assets or securities market value. A main criticism is putted against the financial accounting is figure out the financial data which cannot be worthy and meaningful when added together. The main problem of Additivity is that the assets of the organization cannot do work well in a group. Instead of it the work done by them individually is nice. Asset valuation method assumes that the value of an individual asset is equal to a set of individual asset, for the sake of convenience. The approach adopted by Additivity is a traditional approach. It is not possible every time that an individual assets value is exactly equal to the sum of set of assets. Additivity problem occurs the most at the time of measurement of assets value as the approach of Additivity is not that much good for organization and it dont provide a proper result. For example when an organization buy assets which last for more than 1 year, it becomes complex for the organization to determine with the accuracy that which part is remained unused after completing the year. Just like a company bought machinery worth $10,000 with a life of 5 years. How will it be possible for the company to determine the exact amount of the assets used at the end of first year? The IFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale describes the real definition of asset as well as the problem faced by an organization while Additivity the assets. This section describes that a non current asset is the one whose life is more than 1 year. Its carrying amount can be recovered only through a transaction of sale rather than using it continue. Categorization and treatment of assets is quite complex as it is not that much easy for an organization to categorize its assets in different heads properly. The main categorisation part of fixed assets are Buildings, Computer equipment, furniture and fixture, Construction in progress, Intangible assets, land, real estate, leasehold improvements, Software, office equipments etc (Taylor, 2007). The main category of an asset is current asset and fixed asset or tangible assets and intangible assets. For treating each asset well, many methods are used by different organization. Each organization adopts different method according to the nature and working method of organization. For the fair treatment of assets, the asset can be divided into 4 parts i.e. Size, accounting conservatism, management change and accounting rate (Ahmed, Kilic Lobo. 2006). Unilevers asset categorization is based upon non-current assets (Goodwill, property, equipment and plant, intangible assets, deferred tax assets, financial assets and other non-current assets) or current assets (Inventories, current tax assets, current receivables, other financial assets etc). The categorisation of Unilever Australia is according to the IFRS. IAS 1 explains the financial statement and provides guideline to present it into a well manner. IAS 1 stands for Presentation of Financial Statements. IFRS 9 explains the classification of financial assets. Here Unilever is following all the rules of IFRS and making its financial documents according to that. The financial documents of Unilever is presenting and categorised very well, it can be easily understand by the stakeholders of company and other people very well. A good categorization and treatment of an organization helps the organization to deliver a good message to its stakeholders, it helps the shareholder to understand the financial condition of organization well, it helps the creditor and debtor of the organization to understand the dues and work accordingly, it helps the auditor to analyze the financial reports well, it helps the other people to understand the organization and its transaction well. IAS 16 explains the definition of property, plant and equipment. These all are the tangible item of a company, it helps by an organization for make a use of production and supply of goods and service or for administration purpose. These assets are expected by the organization to use for more than 1 year. IAS 40 explains the investment property. It is a building even a part of building, land etc held by an organization for capital appreciation of rental or both (International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), 2013). It can never be owner-occupied or not held for sale the equipments in normal course of business. IAS 40 is describing the judgement and estimates. It explains that sometimes it is difficult for the entity to identify the property of investment. For it, entity develops criteria that can exercise the judgement easily and consistently (IASB, 2010). It is evaluated through this study that categorisation and a good treatment of asset are necessary for an organization. It helps every party who have connection with the company to identify, analyze and understand the financial stability of the organization as well as understand the growth of the company and all the transaction made by the company in accounting year (Botosan Huffman, 2013). Asset measurement is a complex process for an organization. As there are so many methods to measure the value of an asset, it becomes difficult for the organization to choose the best method and apply this method so that they can make a better decision regarding finance of organization (Kolev, 2009). The two main mechanism of value realization of an asset are in-exchange and in-use. In-exchange, it is expected from asset to realize the contribution of firm value in exchange of cash and other valuable asset on a standalone basis. It derives no extra value for being used in a group of other assets. It is expected by in-use assets to realize the value of contribution to firm employed with a group of other assets (Zanoni, 2009). It is also referred as cash generating unit. The value of in-use is expected to increase the level of sum of individual assets. Decision useful information: Decision useful information is a key element of decision making as without the information, it is not possible for an organization to make decision (Cairns et al, 2011). For collecting the useful information for decision making, an organization need to ensure that all the mechanism adopted by it is quite well and the data get by this mechanism is helpful and perfect for making decisions (Lusardi, 2012). Relation between decision useful information and asset measurement is positive as if the asset measurement is done properly than the decision making will automatically be good. A good technique of measurement will help the organization to collect the best information and thus organization can make good decisions (Milburn, 2012). Fair value measurement of an asset in-use asset doesnt offer investor with decision useful information. A valuation method concludes that an equity of a firm can also be modelled as value attribution of firm to value generated by in-use assets and in-exchange assets (Christensen Nikolaev, 2013). Importantly, P1 (equity value) is equal to the net in-exchange asset of a firm measured according to the market value and discounted expected value of firms infinite horizon future cash flow (expected) generated from in-use asset (Dechow, Myers Shakespeare, 2012). For example, it is quite possible for an organization to estimate the present value of cash flows generated in future by labour, material and machinery. It produces a product which is sold to produce the net cash inflow of organization (Nekrasov Shroff. 2009). The resulted value of the cash flow is expected to exceed the total of exchange value of material, labour, machinery but the exceeded value of assets cannot be meaningfully attributed to other individual assets, thus it is created by a combination of assets with other (Dichev, Graham, Harvey Rajgopal, 2012). Finally, it can be said that the decision useful information and assets measurement have a strong relationship with each other. Fair accounting value is for reporting the shareholder sufficiently only the time, when organization does not add any value to the input through the business model (Financial Accounting Standards Board, 2012). An organization does not add any extra value to the input through the business model while buying and selling assets. Historical cost accounting is managed for business models for transforms the input to add or exceed the value that is in-use assets. Additionally, a framework is measured and developed by ICAEW(2010). This framework advocates for accounting measurement i.e. historical cost for most relevant measurement basis. It is examined through this study that decision useful information is linked with the measurement of assets. An asset measurement is guided in the way in which value of asset is derived either in-exchange or in-use (Song, Thomas, and H. 2010). This provides the investor and other stakeholders to get the information and assess the firm value. IAS 41 describes the measurement for fair value for biological assets, like animals and living plants. It derives the value both in-use and in-exchange. S multi pronged approach is assessed for decision usefulness (Daske, Leuz Verdi, 2008). The result of this study supports the asset measurement and decision useful information in the manner, which realizes the true value of a firm and it is suggested that before taking the decision, party must go through the asset measurement and valuation process (FASB, 2007). Conclusion: I empirically studied and examined that the financial decision making is quite complex but if a person use the mechanism and techniques to solve the problems, then it can be assessed easily. I have gone through many books, published articles, e-books, journals, research paper etc to do this study. It is found through this study that many things in a group impacts on financial decision. The term asset is quite easier to understand after this study as I got to know that how an asset is differentiated from others and how an asset value can be measured. It is also found that the measurement technique of assets differs organization to organization. Unilever data is taken for consideration to understand it in a better way. IASB is the accounting standard board internationally which set the standards for organization to maintain their accounts. A study on present IASB helped me to understand the financial terms best. The Additivity problem and asset measurement helps the organization to make a better decision. The categorization and treatment of assets of Unilever is examined and found that the financial data of Unilever is totally according to the standard of IASB. The categorisation is of many types and it helps the company and its stakeholder to understand the data easily. Lastly, I would say that the whole study is of making the financial decision properly. For a proper decision making, a firm need to identify and measure all the techniques in a proper manner. Reference: Ahmed, A.S., E. Kilic G.J. Lobo, (2006). Does recognition versus disclosure matter? Evidence from the value-relevance of banks recognized and disclosed derivative financial instruments. The Accounting Review 81(3): 567-588. Barth, M. E., W. H. Beaver, J. R. M. Hand, and W. R. Landsman. 2005. Accruals, accountingbased valuation models, and the prediction of equity values. Journal of Accounting, Auditing Finance 20 (4): 311-345. Basu, S., and G. Waymire. 2008. Has the importance of intangibles really grown? And if so, why? Accounting Business Research 38 (3): 171-190. Botosan, C.A. and A.A. Huffman. 2013. "A Business Valuation Framework for Asset Measurement." University of Utah Working Paper. Cairns, D., D. Massoudi, R. Taplin and A. Tarca. 2011. "IFRS fair value measurement and accounting policy choice in the United Kingdom and Australia."The British Accounting Review 43(1): 1-21. Christensen, H. and V. Nikolaev. 2013. "Does Fair Value Accouting for Non-Financial Assets Pass the Market test?" Review of Accounting Studies Forthcoming. Daske, H., L. Hail, C. Leuz, and R.S. Verdi. 2008. "Mandatory IFRS reporting around the world: Early evidence on the economic consequences." Journal of Accounting Research 46(5): 1085-1142. Dechow, P.M., L.A. Myers, and C. Shakespeare, (2012). "Fair value accounting and gains from asset securitizations: A convenient earnings management tool with compensation side-benefits." Journal of Accounting and Economics 49(1-2): 2-25. Dichev, I.D., J.R. Graham, C.R. Harvey, and S. Rajgopal. 2012. "Earnings quality: Evidence from the field." Working Paper FASB (2007). Statement of financial accounting standards (SFAS) No. 141: Business combinations - revised. Norwalk, CT: Financial Accounting Standards Board. Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). (2012). Discussion paper: Disclosure framework. FASB: Norwalk, CT. Financial Accoutning Standards Board. 2006. Preliminary Views on an Improved Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting: The Objective of Financial Reportin and Qualitative Characteristics of Decision-Useful Financial Reporting Information. Freeze, R., Kulkarni, U. (2005, January). Knowledge management capability assessment: validating a knowledge assets measurement instrument. InProceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences(pp. 251a-251a). IEEE. Henning, S. L., B. L. Lewis W. H. Shaw, (2000). Valuation of the components of purchased goodwill. Journal of Accounting Research 38 (2): 375-386. Hillier, D., Grinblatt, M., Titman, S. (2011).Financial markets and corporate strategy. McGraw Hill. International Accounting Standard 41: Agriculture. London, UK: IASB. International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). 2010. Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2010. London, UK: IASB. International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), (2008). Exposure draft: An improved conceptual framework for financial reporting. London, UK: IASB. International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). 2009. International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), (2013). "Discussion Paper: A Review of the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting." London, UK: IASB. Kolev, K. 2009. "Do investors perceive marking-to-model as marking-to-myth? Early evidence from FAS 157."Working Paper. Lusardi, A. (2012).Numeracy, financial literacy, and financial decision-making(No. w17821). National Bureau of Economic Research. Milburn, J.A. (2012). Toward a measurement framework for financial reporting by profit-oriented entities. Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants. Nekrasov, A. P. K. Shroff. (2009). Fundamentals-based risk measurement in valuation. The Accounting Review 84 (6): 1983-2011. Shalev, R. 2009. The information content of business combination disclosure level. The Accounting Review 84 (1): 239-270. Song, C.J., W.B. Thomas H. Yi. (2010). Value Relevance of FAS 157 Fair Value Hierarchy Information and the Impact of Corporate Governance Mechanisms. The Accounting Review 85(4): 1375-1410. Taylor, S. J. (2007). Modelling financial time series. Zanoni, A. B. (2009). Accounting for goodwill. New York: Routledge/Taylor Francis.

Perfect Pitch Essay Example For Students

Perfect Pitch Essay Perfect Pitch is the ability to identify any musical note without comparison to a reference note, and is a talent displayed in a small amount of people. What causes it is a question which has attracted a lot of attention lately. Scientists are asking them selves if it is a learned ability or are we given this unique talent through our genes. MRI scans in test have shown an enlarged portion of the brain present in individuals gifted the ability of perfect pitch. Scientists have been extensively surveying and testing musicians and non-musicians alike to place the key to this rare and special gift. We will write a custom essay on Perfect Pitch specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A research team from Dsseldorf, Germany believes they have located the physical basis of perfect pitch. The team led b y neurologist Gottfried Schlaug and Helmuth Steinmetz of Dsseldorf Heinrich Heine University report that the planum temporale is far larger on the left side than on the right side in professional musiciansespecially in those who have perfect pitch (Nowak 616). Previous studies have suggested that the left hemispheric activation sites in the brain are seen during phonological, lexical, or semantic language task performance, while the right hemispheric preponderances are found for melodic and pitch perception (Schlaug 699). So Schlaug and his colleagues decided to examine the relative sizes of the left and right planum temporale in musicians brains because previous work has shown that a leftward asymmetry there is associated with mental functions unique to humans, such as language (Blakeslee A16). Steinmetz believes that the neurological basis of music making is likely to be in the planum temporale since music may be an even higher function than language (qtd. Nowak 616). Researches carried out comparisons by means of magnetic resonance imaging, which allowed the researchers to measure the volume of specific brain structures. They compared the images of the brains of thirty professional musicians (eleven with perfect pitch, nineteen without) with those of thirty sex and age matched non-musicians. The left planum temporale was larger than the right in both musicians and non-musicians. But the size disparity was twice as great for the musicians, a difference almost entirely due to the presence in the group of musicians with perfect pitch (Chatterjee 16). Other studies are trying to pin down perfect pitch in our genes. Peter k Gregersen, MD, chief of the division of biology and human genetics at North Shore University Hospital (Manhasset) has observed that perfect pitch seems to run in the family. Out of 126 people with perfect pitch surveyed, five and a half percent reported their parents having perfect pitch and twenty-six said they have siblings with the skill. While on the other hand only one point one percent of the musicians without perfect pitch reported there parents having it and one point three percents of there siblings with the skill (North Shore 38). The survey also pointed out that all of those musicians with perfect pitch started playing at an average age of four point seven years, while those without it started at seven point three years old. Another study led by Siamak Baharloo from the University of California, San Francisco, surveyed six hundred musicians and found that forty percent of those with perfect pitch clai med to have a relative with the talent, while only twelve percent of those without perfect pitch said they had a family member with the ability (Travis 316). Researchers have also suggested that early exposure to pitches can help obtain perfect pitch. Diana Deutsch of the University of California, San Diego, has found that perfect pitch is common among native speakers of tonal languages such as Mandarin Chinese and Vietnamese. Deutsch quoted that Our findings show that speakers of Vietnamese and Mandarin possess an extraordinarily precise form of absolute pitch, which is reflected in their enunciation of words. She goes on to say that since all except one of the subjects in the study had received little or no musical training, we conclude that this ability resulted from their early acquisition of tone language, and that they had learned to associate pitches with meaningful words very early in life (University of California n.p.). .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e , .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e .postImageUrl , .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e , .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e:hover , .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e:visited , .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e:active { border:0!important; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e:active , .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Internet Security Persuasive EssayIn conclusion perfect pitch is believed to be caused by a variety of things. Research has shown links to perfect pitch in the structure of the brain through the research of Dr. Schlaug. The research of Dr. Gregersen is attempting to pin down perfect pitch to a specific gene. And many researchers are attempting to show us how early exposure to music or different pitches can help us to acquire this unique ability of perfect pitch. Works CitedBlakeslee, Sandra. Scientists Find Place on Left Side of the Brain Where Perfect Pitch is heard. New York Times 3 Feb. 1995, natl. ed.: A16. Chatterjee, Camille. One-Note Wonders. Psychology Today 31 (1998): 16. North Shore Researchers Seeking Musical Gene. Long Island Business News 28 April 1997: 38. Nowak, Rachel. Brain Center Linked to Perfect Pitch. Science 267 (1995): 616. Schlaug, Gottfried; Jancke, Lutz; Huang, Yanxiong; Steinmetz, Helmuth. In Vivo Evidence of Structural Brain Asymmetry in Musicians. Science 267 (1995): 699-701. Travis, John. Pitching in to find a Musical Gene. Science News 150 (1996): 316. University of Californian News Archive. Mozarts Gift of Perfect Pitch may not be so rare After All, According to New UC Sand Diego Study on Musical Perception. 1 November 1999. http://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/newsrel/soc/dpitchdeutsch.htm. 29 February 2000.