Supply Chain Management in Hospital a Case - 3654 Words

Supply Chain Management in Hospital: A Case Study Samuel Toba †¢ Mary Tomasini †¢ Y. Helio Yang San Diego State University, San Diego, CA It is a common misunderstanding that hospital purchasing is just a functional part of operations rather than a strategic means to achieve financial cost savings. The supply chain process is the essential link for all programs and services offered by a hospital, and hence any improvement in managing the supply chain can positively impact bottom line profitability of any hospital’s operations. This paper provides an overview of the current issues in supply chain management that today’s hospitals face as well as a look at the measures that a case health organization has taken in managing this aspect of†¦show more content†¦Located in nine states, KP currently is the largest not-for-profit medical care organization in the United States with approximately 8.7 million health plan members, 150,000 employees, 13,729 physicians, 32 medical centers, 416 medical offices, and $28 billion in annual operating revenue. Kaiser Permanente is unique among health care providers a nd hospitals because it serves both as a health maintenance organization and as a group physicians practice provider. Its revenue model is not based by the number of cases or patients served each day, but rather by the number of members enrolled in their health care system. Hence, Kaiser Permanente tracks costs at the gross level view of average cost per nursing unit per patient day. IV. PRODUCT MANAGEMENT Healthcare industry is a cottage industry where clinicians are independent contractors with considerable clout and specific preferences for supplies and some variations in supplies and processes are accommodated to ensure patient safety (Scalise, 2005). These Physician Preference Items (PPIs) account for 40% of total medical supply spending for an average hospital (Volpe, 2007). However, hospitals are beginning to recognize the financial burden of allowing physicians the autonomy to order whatever supplies they choose. One of the opportunities for supply chain savings as identified from the 2005 survey by the Healthcare Financial Management Association is in the area of physician buy-in especially withShow MoreRelatedThe Complexities of Healthcare Supply Chains 855 Words   |  3 PagesHealthcare Supply Chains The healthcare supply chain shares a number of similarities with other chains, not only in terms of processes (e.g. procurement, warehousing, distribution), but also in terms of discerning customers and management structures. There are also differences in the chain that are related to the specific characteristics and requirements of the sector. In general, healthcare supply chains are very complex, diverse, and dynamic. That complexity arises from the numerous companiesRead MoreHospital Supply Chain Management1732 Words   |  7 PagesSupply Chain 1 I Care Healthcare Supply Chain Management By Jeffrey S. Moser Operations Management MGT 554 Professor Stephen Wernick October 12, 2004 Supply Chain 2 Supply Chain Management plays a vital role in our hospitals today. With the growing cost of healthcare and new technologies, it is vital for hospitals to run as efficiently as possible and without jeopardizing care. To the materials manager and to the financial minds of a hospital the area of supply chain is a tedius task at bestRead MoreSupply Chain Management And Healthcare Industry1745 Words   |  7 PagesSupply Chain Management –For Healthcare Industry Introduction: Economic downturn in Healthcare sector has given renewed importance to supply chain management in healthcare industry. Supply chain management has great effects on hospital organizations. On papers Supply chain accounts for 30 to 40% in healthcare industry but that is only if we consider just the cost of goods under the supply chain , instead if we look at factors like cost of inventory , cost of procuring and other costs associatedRead More Hospital Supply Chain Management Essay1640 Words   |  7 PagesCare Healthcare Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Management plays a vital role in our hospitals today. With the growing cost of healthcare and new technologies, it is vital for hospitals to run as efficiently as possible without jeopardizing care. To the materials manager and to the financial minds of a hospital the area of supply chain is a tedius task at best, the kind of planning, strategizing and measuring that seldom goes recognized and rewarded. The work involved with inventory controlRead MoreAgile and Lean Supply Chain Management1719 Words   |  7 Pages Leagile is the combination of the lean and agile paradigms within a total supply chain strategy by positioning the decoupling point so as to best suit the need for responding to a volatile demand downstream yet providing level scheduling upstream from the marketplace. The decoupling point separates the part of the organisation (supply chain) oriented towards customer orders from the part of the organisation (supply chain) based on planning. In this report, I attempt to prepare the literature reviewRead MoreVideo Case Arnold Palmer Hospital S Supply Chain Essay639 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ Video Case: Arnold Palmer Hospital’s Supply Chain Arnold Palmer Hospital, one of the nation’s top hospitals dedicated to serving women and children, is a large business with over 2,000 employees working in a 431-bed facility totaling 676,000 square feet in Orlando, Florida. Like many other hospitals, and other companies, Arnold Palmer Hospital had been a long-time member of a large buying group, one servicing 900 members. But the group did have a few limitations (Heizer Render,Read MoreHow Healthcare Has Become A Hotbed Of Technology1282 Words   |  6 Pagesconsistent, reliable, and effective if it is to continue to attract and satisfy customers. Continuing with this methodology, a critically important facet of the healthcare industry must be stock and inventory management, especially with some of the high cost medical equipment prevalent in hospitals globally. Ironically, this is often the department that is given least consideration as it does not directly relate to the care provided to patients, that is, until recently. Coinciding with a push towardRead MoreSupply Chain Management within the Healthcare Sector926 Words   |  4 PagesSupply chain management With the aging of the population and the increasing developments of technology, healthcare facilities are more and more pressured to provide high quality medical services. This increasing stress associated with the changing needs of the population forces the healthcare providers to also develop and to adjust their operations. Specifically, they are informally required to place an increased emphasis on the administrative and business side of their operations. In this specificRead MoreA More Granular Breakdown Of The Four Categories Shown1196 Words   |  5 Pagespublicized examples of supply-chain implementations sourced from healthcare and hospital environments; †¢ Case studies and related articles: studies, white papers, and published dissertations with a specific focus on the healthcare supply chain; †¢ Supply chain publications and websites: organizations and associations specific to healthcare supply-chain management, including The Association for Healthcare Resource and Materials Management, Healthcare Purchasing News, and Supply Demand Chain Executive. MethodologyRead Morehardy hospital case study answers Essay1426 Words   |  6 PagesRead and Download Ebook Hardy Hospital Case Study Answers PDF at Online Ebook Library HARDY HOSPITAL CASE STUDY ANSWERS PDF Download: HARDY HOSPITAL CASE STUDY ANSWERS PDF Are you seeking Ebook HARDY HOSPITAL CASE STUDY ANSWERS PDF?. Getting Ebook Hardy Hospital Case Study Answers PDF is simple as well as easy. Mostly you have to spend much time to browse on search engine and does not obtain Ebook Hardy Hospital Case Study Answers PDF files that you require. We are below to offer you, so you can

Counterfeit Merchandise Impact The U.s. Economy - 900 Words

1) Please address the following as they pertain to Intellectual Property: What is Intellectual Property (IP) and how does counterfeit merchandise impact the U.S. economy? When people steal other people s ideas or product designs, it stops economic improvements for the economy. No one wants to place money, time, and other resources into creating new concepts or products to have someone obtain them within a few seconds and sell the product or idea as their own. The thieves generally sell the stolen products cheaper than the original product reducing the original product s value. As a result, people that have new ideas are less reluctant to invent. What safety and health concerns are posed by counterfeit products? Stolen Intellectual Property links to safety issues with medicines. The products do not have the same characteristics reducing the quality of the treatment placing patient s lives at risk. If electronic products do not perform properly, the product may malfunction causing an accident leading to a serious injury or death. How does IP theft pose an existential threat to national security? Counterfeit electronics also filter into DOD s supply chain ending up in combat equipment. Some of the counterfeit products do not meet MIL Specification causing the equipment to malfunction. 2) Explain the purpose of and reasoning behind Executive Order 13,133. Specifically, what were the goals of the working group that was established by the Executive Order? PresidentShow MoreRelatedNike s Marketing Plan For Nike Essay962 Words   |  4 Pagesproduct portfolio: NIKE, Jordan, Hurley and Converse. Their product is sold through-out North America, Central America, South America, Asia-Pacific, Africa, the Middle East and Europe and employees over 70,000 employees. Nike headquarters is in Oregon, U.S. (NKE Income Statement, 2016). 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Luxottica has promoted their geographic presence in the industry through company charities such as The giftRead MoreRetail and Wholesale Essay1872 Words   |  8 PagesSince the world’s economy has a major impact on the determination of market decisions, it is important for business owners to be informed of every detail to be. In order for them to make an intelligent investment decisions so, in the future they be prepared for any unexpected economical downturns. Also, it is essential to recognize the key risks a business may encounter and build up strategies to diminish them. 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The validity of such criminal activity are drivers that directly impact the United States, and although they vary, they have a significant impact on those who live in a border city. Everyday life is influenced by spillover crime with regards to the importing of drugs and other illegalRead MoreEssay Coach Inc ITs strategy in the accessible luxury goods market6064 Words   |  25 Pagesthe alternative to these competing companies, matching their key luxury products on quality and styling, while beating them on price by 50% or more (Gamble). The luxury goods industry is under drastic change and at different levels. This has an impact on Coachs business because they have two different types 3 of stores. On one hand they have factory stores who sell at a discounted price and on the other hand they have full-priced stores or flagship stores which cater to higher end consumersRead MoreMarketing Concepts And Practice Assignment1889 Words   |  8 Pagesstore. 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Business Combination Disclosure Level

Question: Discuss about the Business Combination Disclosure Level. Answer: Introduction: This study is done to understand the terms of finance and their working method properly. All the data of finance helps the organization and other party to make a better decision towards buying and selling the assets, investment and divestment the money, expanding the market or not etc. A proper study on the topics mentioned below helps me to understand the finance more. This study is describing about the asset, real asset, measurement of asset, different measurement style, IASB working, the international standards for accounting, the categorisation of assets and a connection between decision useful information and measurement of asset. A study on Unilever Australias data has been done to understand the data properly. This study helped me to understand that how international accounting standard help the organization to present and maintain the financial data and how this measurement helps the organization for making decisions. The first part of this study is describing about the asset and its measurement technique. Second part is explaining about the IASB standards and their value. The third part is evaluating the Unilever data and categorising the financial data of Unilever. The last part is of making comments, in which it has been analyzed that how the decision information and asset measurement technique is connected with each other. Asset is an economic value for an organization. It is expected by asset to provide some benefits in future. Assets are basically reported on a balance sheet. Asset is bought and sold for the benefit of the firm and its operations. An asset is something which improves the profitability, generates cash flow, improves the sales and reduces the expenses of an organization (Hillier, Grinblatt Titman, 2011). Assets are basically of two types: real asset and financial asset. Real asset is the one whose value is because of their properties and substance. Real asset includes Commodities, real estate, precious metals, oil, agriculture land etc. Financial asset is liquid assets of tangible nature that derives the value due to contractual claims. Bonds, bank deposits, stocks etc are financial assets. The statement is describing about the real asset as real assets are the assets whose value becomes the same for years and sometimes their value even increases. Real assets have intrinsic value (Henning, Lewis shah 2000). Unlike financial assets, a Real asset derives their value from inherent and intrinsic qualities of themselves. Measurement of Real Assets: Measurement of real assets is quite essential for an organization as it helps the organization to understand the true value of its assets and work accordingly. For measuring the real assets, each organization adopts the different methods (Shalev, 2009). The most common method of measuring the real assets is analyzing the market and identifies the real value of real assets. For analyzing the market, each organization takes different steps. Some organization take the help of outsourcers, some hire the business analyst, some collect the set of data from the market and analyze themselves about the value of assets. Inflation rate makes a direct impact on value of real assets as with the increase in rate of inflation, the rate of real assets also increases. The land value, agriculture land value, precious stones value, unique things value, antique statues value etc always increases with the time (Freeze Kulkarni, 2005). The increase rate of all of this depends upon the market situation, economy and inflation or deflation rate. Investing in real assets is the best investment decision as the value of these assets never decreases. Financial statement of an organization is prepared and issued by the company to provide the additional information to stakeholders about the companys financial standings and performance. Understanding and describing the financial data of an organization is quite complex (Basu Waymire, 2008). The first step a stakeholder must take for understanding the financial data is learn about the profitability, debt levels, total investments etc. Here the real asset value of Unilever in 2014 was $1384 for real estates and in 2015, the value of that real estate become $1689. This rate is analyzed by the Unilever through doing an analyze of market and by identifying the real value of its real assets. Real assets value diminishes only in some exceptional time otherwise the value of these assets become the same for years and it gives a true growth to the organization as organization need not to invest again in again in the same field ad can take a benefit from years. Here the Unilevers land and building value for 2013 was $3847 and the increment of its value is of $155. At the same time, the plant and equipment value of Unilever is $13,382 in 2013 and the value of this gets appreciated by $523. So the value of real assets always gets increased in normal time. Knowing the real value of an organization helps the organization to grow faster. Real value is the item of an organizations balance sheet which makes the balance sheet more attractive (Financial Accounting Standards Board, 2006). Investing in the real assets is a good idea as the value of them never gets depreciated. The real assets identification and measurement is complex as organization has to find out the market and book value of assets and work accordingly. Assets and problem of Additivity: Asset is a resource of an organization controlled by the organization itself as the result of past happenings and future benefits of economic by the flow of entity. The term assets are defined in terms of control instead of ownership. Assets can be putted in the balance sheet and final documents of an organization whether the asset is belonging to someone else. Just like if machinery is purchased by an organization on lease for a longer period, then the value of machinery will be shown in organizations financial document rather it is not the property of organization. The assets can be controlled by the organization for recognizing the financial transactions and statements of a company. Apart from all of this, the framework of IFRS has advised to meet the following criteria before putting the transactions into financial statements: The economic benefit inflow to the entity is probable. The value or cost can be measured reliably. Additivity is a substance added to something in small amounts to improve, strength or alternative the things. Assets Additivity is a substance directly added to assets of an organization. It is something that becomes a part of assets and gives a financial stability to organizations documents. When the value of assets of a whole group exactly equals the same the value of individual assets which make the group of assets? The principle of net present value of a group of independent projects is just the total of individual projects. It is a situation where the market value of a set of assets or portfolio exactly equals the individual assets or securities market value. A main criticism is putted against the financial accounting is figure out the financial data which cannot be worthy and meaningful when added together. The main problem of Additivity is that the assets of the organization cannot do work well in a group. Instead of it the work done by them individually is nice. Asset valuation method assumes that the value of an individual asset is equal to a set of individual asset, for the sake of convenience. The approach adopted by Additivity is a traditional approach. It is not possible every time that an individual assets value is exactly equal to the sum of set of assets. Additivity problem occurs the most at the time of measurement of assets value as the approach of Additivity is not that much good for organization and it dont provide a proper result. For example when an organization buy assets which last for more than 1 year, it becomes complex for the organization to determine with the accuracy that which part is remained unused after completing the year. Just like a company bought machinery worth $10,000 with a life of 5 years. How will it be possible for the company to determine the exact amount of the assets used at the end of first year? The IFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale describes the real definition of asset as well as the problem faced by an organization while Additivity the assets. This section describes that a non current asset is the one whose life is more than 1 year. Its carrying amount can be recovered only through a transaction of sale rather than using it continue. Categorization and treatment of assets is quite complex as it is not that much easy for an organization to categorize its assets in different heads properly. The main categorisation part of fixed assets are Buildings, Computer equipment, furniture and fixture, Construction in progress, Intangible assets, land, real estate, leasehold improvements, Software, office equipments etc (Taylor, 2007). The main category of an asset is current asset and fixed asset or tangible assets and intangible assets. For treating each asset well, many methods are used by different organization. Each organization adopts different method according to the nature and working method of organization. For the fair treatment of assets, the asset can be divided into 4 parts i.e. Size, accounting conservatism, management change and accounting rate (Ahmed, Kilic Lobo. 2006). Unilevers asset categorization is based upon non-current assets (Goodwill, property, equipment and plant, intangible assets, deferred tax assets, financial assets and other non-current assets) or current assets (Inventories, current tax assets, current receivables, other financial assets etc). The categorisation of Unilever Australia is according to the IFRS. IAS 1 explains the financial statement and provides guideline to present it into a well manner. IAS 1 stands for Presentation of Financial Statements. IFRS 9 explains the classification of financial assets. Here Unilever is following all the rules of IFRS and making its financial documents according to that. The financial documents of Unilever is presenting and categorised very well, it can be easily understand by the stakeholders of company and other people very well. A good categorization and treatment of an organization helps the organization to deliver a good message to its stakeholders, it helps the shareholder to understand the financial condition of organization well, it helps the creditor and debtor of the organization to understand the dues and work accordingly, it helps the auditor to analyze the financial reports well, it helps the other people to understand the organization and its transaction well. IAS 16 explains the definition of property, plant and equipment. These all are the tangible item of a company, it helps by an organization for make a use of production and supply of goods and service or for administration purpose. These assets are expected by the organization to use for more than 1 year. IAS 40 explains the investment property. It is a building even a part of building, land etc held by an organization for capital appreciation of rental or both (International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), 2013). It can never be owner-occupied or not held for sale the equipments in normal course of business. IAS 40 is describing the judgement and estimates. It explains that sometimes it is difficult for the entity to identify the property of investment. For it, entity develops criteria that can exercise the judgement easily and consistently (IASB, 2010). It is evaluated through this study that categorisation and a good treatment of asset are necessary for an organization. It helps every party who have connection with the company to identify, analyze and understand the financial stability of the organization as well as understand the growth of the company and all the transaction made by the company in accounting year (Botosan Huffman, 2013). Asset measurement is a complex process for an organization. As there are so many methods to measure the value of an asset, it becomes difficult for the organization to choose the best method and apply this method so that they can make a better decision regarding finance of organization (Kolev, 2009). The two main mechanism of value realization of an asset are in-exchange and in-use. In-exchange, it is expected from asset to realize the contribution of firm value in exchange of cash and other valuable asset on a standalone basis. It derives no extra value for being used in a group of other assets. It is expected by in-use assets to realize the value of contribution to firm employed with a group of other assets (Zanoni, 2009). It is also referred as cash generating unit. The value of in-use is expected to increase the level of sum of individual assets. Decision useful information: Decision useful information is a key element of decision making as without the information, it is not possible for an organization to make decision (Cairns et al, 2011). For collecting the useful information for decision making, an organization need to ensure that all the mechanism adopted by it is quite well and the data get by this mechanism is helpful and perfect for making decisions (Lusardi, 2012). Relation between decision useful information and asset measurement is positive as if the asset measurement is done properly than the decision making will automatically be good. A good technique of measurement will help the organization to collect the best information and thus organization can make good decisions (Milburn, 2012). Fair value measurement of an asset in-use asset doesnt offer investor with decision useful information. A valuation method concludes that an equity of a firm can also be modelled as value attribution of firm to value generated by in-use assets and in-exchange assets (Christensen Nikolaev, 2013). Importantly, P1 (equity value) is equal to the net in-exchange asset of a firm measured according to the market value and discounted expected value of firms infinite horizon future cash flow (expected) generated from in-use asset (Dechow, Myers Shakespeare, 2012). For example, it is quite possible for an organization to estimate the present value of cash flows generated in future by labour, material and machinery. It produces a product which is sold to produce the net cash inflow of organization (Nekrasov Shroff. 2009). The resulted value of the cash flow is expected to exceed the total of exchange value of material, labour, machinery but the exceeded value of assets cannot be meaningfully attributed to other individual assets, thus it is created by a combination of assets with other (Dichev, Graham, Harvey Rajgopal, 2012). Finally, it can be said that the decision useful information and assets measurement have a strong relationship with each other. Fair accounting value is for reporting the shareholder sufficiently only the time, when organization does not add any value to the input through the business model (Financial Accounting Standards Board, 2012). An organization does not add any extra value to the input through the business model while buying and selling assets. Historical cost accounting is managed for business models for transforms the input to add or exceed the value that is in-use assets. Additionally, a framework is measured and developed by ICAEW(2010). This framework advocates for accounting measurement i.e. historical cost for most relevant measurement basis. It is examined through this study that decision useful information is linked with the measurement of assets. An asset measurement is guided in the way in which value of asset is derived either in-exchange or in-use (Song, Thomas, and H. 2010). This provides the investor and other stakeholders to get the information and assess the firm value. IAS 41 describes the measurement for fair value for biological assets, like animals and living plants. It derives the value both in-use and in-exchange. S multi pronged approach is assessed for decision usefulness (Daske, Leuz Verdi, 2008). The result of this study supports the asset measurement and decision useful information in the manner, which realizes the true value of a firm and it is suggested that before taking the decision, party must go through the asset measurement and valuation process (FASB, 2007). Conclusion: I empirically studied and examined that the financial decision making is quite complex but if a person use the mechanism and techniques to solve the problems, then it can be assessed easily. I have gone through many books, published articles, e-books, journals, research paper etc to do this study. It is found through this study that many things in a group impacts on financial decision. The term asset is quite easier to understand after this study as I got to know that how an asset is differentiated from others and how an asset value can be measured. It is also found that the measurement technique of assets differs organization to organization. Unilever data is taken for consideration to understand it in a better way. IASB is the accounting standard board internationally which set the standards for organization to maintain their accounts. A study on present IASB helped me to understand the financial terms best. The Additivity problem and asset measurement helps the organization to make a better decision. The categorization and treatment of assets of Unilever is examined and found that the financial data of Unilever is totally according to the standard of IASB. The categorisation is of many types and it helps the company and its stakeholder to understand the data easily. Lastly, I would say that the whole study is of making the financial decision properly. For a proper decision making, a firm need to identify and measure all the techniques in a proper manner. Reference: Ahmed, A.S., E. Kilic G.J. Lobo, (2006). Does recognition versus disclosure matter? Evidence from the value-relevance of banks recognized and disclosed derivative financial instruments. The Accounting Review 81(3): 567-588. Barth, M. E., W. H. Beaver, J. R. M. Hand, and W. R. Landsman. 2005. Accruals, accountingbased valuation models, and the prediction of equity values. Journal of Accounting, Auditing Finance 20 (4): 311-345. Basu, S., and G. Waymire. 2008. Has the importance of intangibles really grown? And if so, why? Accounting Business Research 38 (3): 171-190. Botosan, C.A. and A.A. Huffman. 2013. "A Business Valuation Framework for Asset Measurement." University of Utah Working Paper. Cairns, D., D. Massoudi, R. Taplin and A. Tarca. 2011. "IFRS fair value measurement and accounting policy choice in the United Kingdom and Australia."The British Accounting Review 43(1): 1-21. Christensen, H. and V. Nikolaev. 2013. "Does Fair Value Accouting for Non-Financial Assets Pass the Market test?" Review of Accounting Studies Forthcoming. Daske, H., L. Hail, C. Leuz, and R.S. Verdi. 2008. "Mandatory IFRS reporting around the world: Early evidence on the economic consequences." Journal of Accounting Research 46(5): 1085-1142. Dechow, P.M., L.A. Myers, and C. Shakespeare, (2012). "Fair value accounting and gains from asset securitizations: A convenient earnings management tool with compensation side-benefits." Journal of Accounting and Economics 49(1-2): 2-25. Dichev, I.D., J.R. Graham, C.R. Harvey, and S. Rajgopal. 2012. "Earnings quality: Evidence from the field." Working Paper FASB (2007). Statement of financial accounting standards (SFAS) No. 141: Business combinations - revised. Norwalk, CT: Financial Accounting Standards Board. Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). (2012). Discussion paper: Disclosure framework. FASB: Norwalk, CT. Financial Accoutning Standards Board. 2006. Preliminary Views on an Improved Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting: The Objective of Financial Reportin and Qualitative Characteristics of Decision-Useful Financial Reporting Information. Freeze, R., Kulkarni, U. (2005, January). Knowledge management capability assessment: validating a knowledge assets measurement instrument. InProceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences(pp. 251a-251a). IEEE. Henning, S. L., B. L. Lewis W. H. Shaw, (2000). Valuation of the components of purchased goodwill. Journal of Accounting Research 38 (2): 375-386. Hillier, D., Grinblatt, M., Titman, S. (2011).Financial markets and corporate strategy. McGraw Hill. International Accounting Standard 41: Agriculture. London, UK: IASB. International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). 2010. Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2010. London, UK: IASB. International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), (2008). Exposure draft: An improved conceptual framework for financial reporting. London, UK: IASB. International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). 2009. International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), (2013). "Discussion Paper: A Review of the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting." London, UK: IASB. Kolev, K. 2009. "Do investors perceive marking-to-model as marking-to-myth? Early evidence from FAS 157."Working Paper. Lusardi, A. (2012).Numeracy, financial literacy, and financial decision-making(No. w17821). National Bureau of Economic Research. Milburn, J.A. (2012). Toward a measurement framework for financial reporting by profit-oriented entities. Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants. Nekrasov, A. P. K. Shroff. (2009). Fundamentals-based risk measurement in valuation. The Accounting Review 84 (6): 1983-2011. Shalev, R. 2009. The information content of business combination disclosure level. The Accounting Review 84 (1): 239-270. Song, C.J., W.B. Thomas H. Yi. (2010). Value Relevance of FAS 157 Fair Value Hierarchy Information and the Impact of Corporate Governance Mechanisms. The Accounting Review 85(4): 1375-1410. Taylor, S. J. (2007). Modelling financial time series. Zanoni, A. B. (2009). Accounting for goodwill. New York: Routledge/Taylor Francis.

Perfect Pitch Essay Example For Students

Perfect Pitch Essay Perfect Pitch is the ability to identify any musical note without comparison to a reference note, and is a talent displayed in a small amount of people. What causes it is a question which has attracted a lot of attention lately. Scientists are asking them selves if it is a learned ability or are we given this unique talent through our genes. MRI scans in test have shown an enlarged portion of the brain present in individuals gifted the ability of perfect pitch. Scientists have been extensively surveying and testing musicians and non-musicians alike to place the key to this rare and special gift. We will write a custom essay on Perfect Pitch specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A research team from Dsseldorf, Germany believes they have located the physical basis of perfect pitch. The team led b y neurologist Gottfried Schlaug and Helmuth Steinmetz of Dsseldorf Heinrich Heine University report that the planum temporale is far larger on the left side than on the right side in professional musiciansespecially in those who have perfect pitch (Nowak 616). Previous studies have suggested that the left hemispheric activation sites in the brain are seen during phonological, lexical, or semantic language task performance, while the right hemispheric preponderances are found for melodic and pitch perception (Schlaug 699). So Schlaug and his colleagues decided to examine the relative sizes of the left and right planum temporale in musicians brains because previous work has shown that a leftward asymmetry there is associated with mental functions unique to humans, such as language (Blakeslee A16). Steinmetz believes that the neurological basis of music making is likely to be in the planum temporale since music may be an even higher function than language (qtd. Nowak 616). Researches carried out comparisons by means of magnetic resonance imaging, which allowed the researchers to measure the volume of specific brain structures. They compared the images of the brains of thirty professional musicians (eleven with perfect pitch, nineteen without) with those of thirty sex and age matched non-musicians. The left planum temporale was larger than the right in both musicians and non-musicians. But the size disparity was twice as great for the musicians, a difference almost entirely due to the presence in the group of musicians with perfect pitch (Chatterjee 16). Other studies are trying to pin down perfect pitch in our genes. Peter k Gregersen, MD, chief of the division of biology and human genetics at North Shore University Hospital (Manhasset) has observed that perfect pitch seems to run in the family. Out of 126 people with perfect pitch surveyed, five and a half percent reported their parents having perfect pitch and twenty-six said they have siblings with the skill. While on the other hand only one point one percent of the musicians without perfect pitch reported there parents having it and one point three percents of there siblings with the skill (North Shore 38). The survey also pointed out that all of those musicians with perfect pitch started playing at an average age of four point seven years, while those without it started at seven point three years old. Another study led by Siamak Baharloo from the University of California, San Francisco, surveyed six hundred musicians and found that forty percent of those with perfect pitch clai med to have a relative with the talent, while only twelve percent of those without perfect pitch said they had a family member with the ability (Travis 316). Researchers have also suggested that early exposure to pitches can help obtain perfect pitch. Diana Deutsch of the University of California, San Diego, has found that perfect pitch is common among native speakers of tonal languages such as Mandarin Chinese and Vietnamese. Deutsch quoted that Our findings show that speakers of Vietnamese and Mandarin possess an extraordinarily precise form of absolute pitch, which is reflected in their enunciation of words. She goes on to say that since all except one of the subjects in the study had received little or no musical training, we conclude that this ability resulted from their early acquisition of tone language, and that they had learned to associate pitches with meaningful words very early in life (University of California n.p.). .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e , .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e .postImageUrl , .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e , .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e:hover , .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e:visited , .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e:active { border:0!important; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e:active , .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u693deed275756b5f52c0a647d51ab94e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Internet Security Persuasive EssayIn conclusion perfect pitch is believed to be caused by a variety of things. Research has shown links to perfect pitch in the structure of the brain through the research of Dr. Schlaug. The research of Dr. Gregersen is attempting to pin down perfect pitch to a specific gene. And many researchers are attempting to show us how early exposure to music or different pitches can help us to acquire this unique ability of perfect pitch. Works CitedBlakeslee, Sandra. Scientists Find Place on Left Side of the Brain Where Perfect Pitch is heard. New York Times 3 Feb. 1995, natl. ed.: A16. Chatterjee, Camille. One-Note Wonders. Psychology Today 31 (1998): 16. North Shore Researchers Seeking Musical Gene. Long Island Business News 28 April 1997: 38. Nowak, Rachel. Brain Center Linked to Perfect Pitch. Science 267 (1995): 616. Schlaug, Gottfried; Jancke, Lutz; Huang, Yanxiong; Steinmetz, Helmuth. In Vivo Evidence of Structural Brain Asymmetry in Musicians. Science 267 (1995): 699-701. Travis, John. Pitching in to find a Musical Gene. Science News 150 (1996): 316. University of Californian News Archive. Mozarts Gift of Perfect Pitch may not be so rare After All, According to New UC Sand Diego Study on Musical Perception. 1 November 1999. http://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/newsrel/soc/dpitchdeutsch.htm. 29 February 2000.

How to Write a Biography About Yourself For an Essay on Medical Assistant

How to Write a Biography About Yourself For an Essay on Medical AssistantHow to write a biography about yourself for an essay on medical assistant? It is just a question of writing. All you need to do is to get your hands on the right text that can guide you in writing your autobiography.While it may sound simple, writing autobiography is not really easy, as there are many details and facts that you need to have in your own information. For instance, medical assistants can write their own biography about themselves for an essay on medical assistant. But, if you want to get the job done, you need to hire an expert who can assist you in writing your biography. And it's not a difficult task if you think of it as a work of art.There are thousands of bio information that you have to remember while you are writing your biography. You have to take care of a lot of things like: the names of parents, siblings, spouse, children, etc. In this manner, you have to provide a complete and accurate description of yourself. There is no other way except for you to be able to remember the details of all these things.Writing a biography about yourself for an essay on the medical assistant is just like writing a story or a novel, as it is a story of your own people's life. You have to put some of your personality into it so that you can portray a realistic picture of yourself. Remember that writing a biography about yourself for an essay on the medical assistant is not an easy task. For instance, there are hundreds of things that you need to remember while you are writing.How to write a biography about yourself for an essay on medical assistant? First of all, it should not be an easy task if you have ever written any essay. On the contrary, essay on medical assistant requires many hours of hard work. After completing it, you may ask yourself how you managed to finish it in such a short time span.There are many people who have done it, but few of them have succeeded in writing their own bio about themselves. You cannot take the help of someone else. What you need to do is to do it on your own. It is not that easy to make an essay with a limited number of details. However, with the help of an expert, it will become very easy.You can do research if you want to make your own bio. As it is the most important aspect of this kind of work, you must make sure that your facts are correct. In addition, you must spend more time in thinking of the person who can answer your questions regarding the bio.If you are an aspiring medical assistant, then it is just the right time for you to make your career. This is the reason why you should learn how to write a biography about yourself for an essay on medical assistant. It will help you in making a successful career in this field.

Managing Global Relationships and Marketing Crisis

Periodic Table Study Guide - Introduction History

Periodic Table Study Guide - Introduction History Introduction to the Periodic Table People have known about elements like carbon and gold since ancient time. The elements couldnt be changed using any chemical method. Each element has a unique number of protons. If you examine samples of iron and silver, you cant tell how many protons the atoms have. However, you can tell the elements apart because they have different properties. You might notice there are more similarities between iron and silver than between iron and oxygen. Could there be a way to organize the elements so you could tell at a glance which ones had similar properties? What Is the Periodic Table? Dmitri Mendeleev was the first scientist to create a periodic table of the elements similar to the one we use today. You can see Mendeleevs original table (1869). This table showed that when the elements were ordered by increasing atomic weight, a pattern appeared where properties of the elements repeated periodically. This periodic table is a chart that groups the elements according to their similar properties. Why was the Periodic Table Created? Why do you think Mendeleev made a periodic table? Many elements remained to be discovered in Mendeleevs time. The periodic table helped predict the properties of new elements. Mendeleevs Table Compare the modern periodic table with Mendeleevs table. What do you notice? Mendeleevs table didnt have very many elements, did it? He had question marks and spaces between elements, where he predicted undiscovered elements would fit. Discovering Elements Remember changing the number of protons changes the atomic number, which is the number of the element. When you look at the modern periodic table, do you see any skipped atomic numbers that would be undiscovered elements? New elements today arent discovered. They are made. You can still use the periodic table to predict the properties of these new elements. Periodic Properties and Trends The periodic table helps predict some properties of the elements compared to each other. Atom size decreases as you move from left to right across the table and increases as you move down a column. The energy required to remove an electron from an atom increases as you move from left to right and decreases as you move down a column. The ability to form a chemical bond increases as you move from left to right and decreases as you move down a column. Todays Table The most important difference between Mendeleevs table and todays table is the modern table is organized by increasing atomic number, not increasing atomic weight. Why was the table changed? In 1914, Henry Moseley learned you could experimentally determine the atomic numbers of elements. Before that, atomic numbers were just the order of elements based on increasing atomic weight. Once atomic numbers had significance, the periodic table was reorganized. Introduction | Periods Groups | More about Groups | Review Questions | Quiz Periods and Groups Elements in the periodic table are arranged in periods (rows) and groups (columns). Atomic number increases as you move across a row or period. Periods Rows of elements are called periods. The period number of an element signifies the highest unexcited energy level for an electron in that element. The number of elements in a period increases as you move down the periodic table because there are more sublevels per level as the energy level of the atom increases. Groups Columns of elements help define element groups. Elements within a group share several common properties. Groups are elements have the same outer electron arrangement. The outer electrons are called valence electrons. Because they have the same number of valence electrons, elements in a group share similar chemical properties. The Roman numerals listed above each group are the usual number of valence electrons. For example, a group VA element will have 5 valence electrons. Representative vs. Transition Elements There are two sets of groups. The group A elements are called the representative elements. The group B elements are the nonrepresentative elements. What Is on the Element Key? Each square on the periodic table gives information about an element. On many printed periodic tables you can find an elements symbol, atomic number, and atomic weight. Introduction | Periods Groups | More about Groups | Review Questions | Quiz Classifying Elements Elements are classified according to their properties. The major categories of elements are the metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Metals You see metals every day. Aluminum foil is a metal. Gold and silver are metals. If someone asks you whether an element is a metal, metalloid, or non-metal and you dont know the answer, guess that its a metal. What are Properties of Metals? Metals share some common properties. They are lustrous (shiny), malleable (can be hammered), and are good conductors of heat and electricity. These properties result from the ability to easily move the electrons in the outer shells of metal atoms. What are the Metals? Most elements are metals. There are so many metals, they are divided into groups: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and transition metals. The transition metals can be divided into smaller groups, such as the lanthanides and actinides. Group 1: Alkali Metals The alkali metals are located in Group IA (first column) of the periodic table. Sodium and potassium are examples of these elements. Alkali metals form salts and many other compounds. These elements are less dense than other metals, form ions with a 1 charge, and have the largest atom sizes of elements in their periods. The alkali metals are highly reactive. Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals The alkaline earths are located in Group IIA (second column) of the periodic table. Calcium and magnesium are examples of alkaline earths. These metals form many compounds. They have ions with a 2 charge. Their atoms are smaller than those of the alkali metals. Groups 3-12: Transition Metals The transition elements are located in groups IB to VIIIB. Iron and gold are examples of transition metals. These elements are very hard, with high melting points and boiling points. The transition metals are good electrical conductors and are very malleable. They form positively charged ions. The transition metals include most of the elements, so they can be categorized into smaller groups. The lanthanides and actinides are classes of transition elements. Another way to group transition metals is into triads, which are metals with very similar properties, usually found together. Metal Triads The iron triad consists of iron, cobalt, and nickel. Just under iron, cobalt, and nickel is the palladium triad of ruthenium, rhodium, and palladium, while under them is the platinum triad of osmium, iridium, and platinum. Lanthanides When you look at the periodic table, youll see there is a block of two rows of elements below the main body of the chart. The top row has atomic numbers following lanthanum. These elements are called the lanthanides. The lanthanides are silvery metals that tarnish easily. They are relatively soft metals, with high melting and boiling points. The lanthanides react to form many different compounds. These elements are used in lamps, magnets, lasers, and to improve the properties of other metals. Actinides The actinides are in the row below the lanthanides. Their atomic numbers follow actinium. All of the actinides are radioactive, with positively charged ions. They are reactive metals that form compounds with most nonmetals. The actinides are used in medicines and nuclear devices. Groups 13-15: Not all Metals Groups 13-15 include some metals, some metalloids, and some nonmetals. Why are these groups mixed? The transition from metal to nonmetal is gradual. Even though these elements arent similar enough to have groups contained within single columns, they share some common properties. You can predict how many electrons are needed to complete an electron shell. The metals in these groups are called basic metals. Nonmetals Metalloids Elements that dont have the properties of metals are called nonmetals. Some elements have some, but not all of the properties of the metals. These elements are called metalloids. What are Properties of Nonmetals? The nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity. Solid nonmetals are brittle and lack metallic luster. Most nonmetals gain electrons easily. The nonmetals are located on the upper right side of the periodic table, separated from metals by a line that cuts diagonally through the periodic table. The nonmetals can be divided into classes of elements that have similar properties. The halogens and the noble gases are two groups of nonmetals. Group 17: Halogens The halogens are located in Group VIIA of the periodic table. Examples of halogens are chlorine and iodine. You find these elements in bleaches, disinfectants, and salts. These nonmetals form ions with a -1 charge. The physical properties of the halogens vary. The halogens are highly reactive. Group 18: Noble Gases The noble gases are located in Group VIII of the periodic table. Helium and neon are examples of noble gases. These elements are used to make lighted signs, refrigerants, and lasers. The noble gases are not reactive. This is because they have little tendency to gain or lose electrons. Hydrogen Hydrogen has a single positive charge, like the alkali metals, but at room temperature, it is a gas that doesnt act like a metal. Therefore, hydrogen usually is labeled as a nonmetal. What are the Properties of the Metalloids? Elements that have some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals are called metalloids. Silicon and germanium are examples of metalloids. The boiling points, melting points, and densities of the metalloids vary. The metalloids make good semiconductors. The metalloids are located along the diagonal line between the metals and nonmetals in the periodic table. Common Trends in Mixed Groups Remember that even in mixed groups of elements, the trends in the periodic table still hold true. Atom size, ease of removing electrons, and ability to form bonds can be predicted as you move across and down the table. Introduction | Periods Groups | More about Groups | Review Questions | Quiz Test your comprehension of this periodic table lesson by seeing if you can answer the following questions: Review Questions The modern periodic table isnt the only way to categorize the elements. What are some other ways you could list and organize the elements?List the properties of the metals, metalloids, and nonmetals. Name an example of each type of element.Where in their group would you expect to find elements with the largest atoms? (top, center, bottom)Compare and contrast the halogens and noble gases.What properties can you use to tell the alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metals apart?